A Blog by Jonathan Low

 

Jul 1, 2017

Why Education Won't Save Us From Being Replaced By Robots

The  number of jobs required in tech will be relatively small - perhaps in the tens or hundreds of thousands - compared to the millions of jobs being lost in trucking, retail, health care, etc. JL

Sarah Kessler reports in Quartz:

At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, most people had no education. They couldn’t read, they couldn’t write. They had no science training. You could make a huge impact just by getting people into primary schools. Now, in an advanced economy, 90% of working adults have gone to high school, and 40% have (a) post-secondary degree. It’s harder to have the lift that education would have to be as big as part of the solution this time around.
In 1964, a group of professors, activists, and scientists put together a report that warned US President Lyndon B. Johnson of three impending threats, including a “Cybernation Revolution” that would put massive numbers of people out of work. The committee included a list of recommendations for staving off each crisis.
Number one was “a massive program to build up our educational system.”
Education has for decades been the proposed solution to the threat of technology that replaces human work, as people in diverse occupations from paralegal to fast food worker contemplate the possibility that machines will soon do their work faster and more accurately. In recent months, reforming education and training to meet these future challenges has been recommended by the World Economic Forum, McKinsey, and former New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg.
One reason so many hang their hopes on education is that the strategy has worked in the past. The Industrial Revolution created skilled work not only in factories, where workers ran machines, but also inside of offices. Education became more important than it had been on rural farms, and improved learning helped lift the standard of living for working class people.
But the same strategy won’t work today, writes Ryan Avent in his recently released book, The Wealth of Humans. Avent is a former economic consultant and a current senior editor at The Economist. He spoke with Quartz about why he doesn’t think education will solve the problems he believes increasing automation will cause in the future.
Quartz: You write that “the future of work is either one where employment grows while pay stagnates, or in which the work becomes more productive…and employment stagnates.” What do you mean by that?
Ryan Avent: Improvements in technology over the last couple of decades, and I think this will probably be true in the future as well, have been more about finding ways to do things in place of human beings rather than alongside them. They’re technologies that are substitutes for human work rather than compliments, and I think that the better artificial intelligence gets, the more dexterous robots get, we’ll see more of those kinds of things.
Because machines are increasingly good at doing what humans will do, the only jobs that the average human will really be able to get are those where it’s attractive to hire them because they’re really cheap. It might be that you will be an extra person working in home care, making not much above the minimum wage, taking care of someone’s sick mother. Or will be part of someone’s household staff. You will be a greeter in a hotel. These are jobs where it’s nice to have the people, but only if they don’t earn that much. Because people don’t have the option of dropping out of the labor force altogether, they have to take those jobs.
The other version would be one where, as people are displaced, they’re able to work less, maybe because we’re able to have our welfare benefits be much more generous, or have something in the future like a basic income, which is just a payment the government makes to everyone. For whatever reason…as machines do more and more stuff, we’re able to allow human beings to work fewer hours, or for fewer humans to work.
Education and training were successful strategies for adapting to this type of large-scale technological shift in the industrial economy. Why?
I think there were two reasons it worked before. One, to go back to the first question, was that the technology was a little different. You had big powerful machines, so you needed to have human controllers. And there was a lot of work like that. Henry Ford’s factories didn’t work without thousands and thousands of people.
So the technologies were more likely to work with humans than replace humans. But that’s less true today.
The biggest thing that was different is that, at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, most people had no education at all. They couldn’t read, they couldn’t write. They basically had no science training. So you could make a huge impact on how much education the population had just by getting people into primary schools, or secondary schools. And teaching them basic math and reading and science. You could double or triple or quadruple the educational attainment of the population. Now, if you’re in an advanced economy, somewhere around 90% of working adults have gone to high school, and around 40% have gotten some sort of post-secondary degree. So it’s much harder to say, we’re going to have the same sort of increase in the educational attainment of the population.
I could be wrong, but I don’t think it’s reasonable to expect that you can take most of those 40% to 50% who are graduating college and then have them go on to get an advanced degree. Because advanced degrees are really hard. I just think the lift that education would have to do to be as big as part of the solution this time around is just way too big.
Manufacturers often talk about needing people who can use a computer or fill skilled trade jobs. Is it necessary that people have advanced degrees for the kind of retraining they would need?
Not all of the new jobs that are being created will require an advanced degree in computer science. But my view is, the number of jobs that falls into [the category manufacturers describe] is actually fairly small. We’re talking about thousands, maybe tens of thousands, maybe a little more, but we’re not talking about millions and tens of millions of jobs. Whereas when we’re talking about job losses in retail or transportation we are talking about millions and tens of millions of jobs.
The other thing that people talk about when they talk about the future of work are care jobs. It is true that humans are well-suited to do those jobs in some cases, but I think in fewer cases than people think. A lot of people think as therapy, for instance, as something that only a human could do. But that’s not necessarily true.  “It might be easier for people to share what they’re feeling with a machine rather than a human who they might feel is judging them.” I think that in a lot of cases it might be easier for people to share what they’re feeling with a machine rather than a human who they might feel is judging them.
And so I’m not sure there is going to be as much employment in healthcare as people think. The other thing is that the more employment growth there is in healthcare, the more it means we’re not getting productivity increases in healthcare that would make it cheaper and more accessible. And that would be bad. Ultimately we want to have people get affordable healthcare. And part of what that entails is reducing how labor intensive it is.
Another interesting point you made in the book is that if we train more people to be doctors, doctors will be paid less.
The amount of gain from growth that people are able to capture has a lot to do with how scarce their skills are. It means that you can bargain for a pretty high income.
Over the last two or three decades, wages have been pretty stagnant for most people, but not for skilled professionals. I think that is going to change, increasingly, because the effective supply of people who can do those things will grow. Maybe because we’re able to take a scan from a hospital in America and send it to a doctor in India, and have them look at it, and that’s much cheaper…than bringing more people into the US. Or maybe it’s because we have something like Watson that can do it.
Machines that can do what doctors can do is a lot like bringing in a lot more doctors. It has the same effect.
So if education is not going to save us, and training isn’t going to save us, and apprenticeship programs are not going to save us, and we aren’t necessarily going to be able to count on a universal basic income coming through politically, is there anything that you think would be effective in avoiding this disaster you’ve described?
I think in the short run, about the next ten to twenty years, the problem is actually relatively manageable. We’re close to having driverless cars, but there will still be a decade before there are large numbers of driverless cars on the road. I think there are a lot of straight-forward things that can be done now to make conditions better for workers, and some of that is make all the investments we haven’t been making in infrastructure and research, making it much easier to get preschool education, to get a good primary or secondary education, to go to college without taking on a ton of debt. So there are a lot of kind of common sense stuff that would improve things that we haven’t been doing.
 “There’s a subtle sort of utopia we can reach.”  I think that over a slightly longer time horizon, you don’t have to jump straight to a technological utopia, where everyone is getting a basic income and living in virtual reality worlds all day. There’s a subtle sort of utopia we can reach. If you think about what happened in the early 20th century, we had a bunch of regulations that made life better for workers, so they weren’t getting mauled by machines and children weren’t allowed to work in factories, and there were only so many hours of week they were allowed to work. There were changes made to increase worker bargaining power. And there were all sorts of changes made to the safety net to get people pensions and supplement their income in all sorts of ways.
What happened was that incomes went up a lot, and working hours for most people fell a lot. People were still working full-time, but the idea of working full time in 1955 was a lot different than working full-time in 1890.
And so maybe we sort of move in that direction. We give small extensions to the welfare state, maybe free college and healthcare, a more generous earned income tax credit, which subsidizes people’s wages, and then we also get regulations that reduce the working week, that make it easier for people to take sick leave when they have a child or need to care for a parent.
So in 30 or 40 years, where we end up is most people work 20 hours per week. And they get a little bit more support from the government in terms of what they own.
That’s a massive change, but it’s not necessarily a world that looks completely different than where we are.
Do you think there is any reason to hope that change will materialize?
I think the reason for optimism is that when we faced challenges like this in the past, eventually, we worked it out.

345 comments:

«Oldest   ‹Older   1 – 200 of 345   Newer›   Newest»
Sam Jonsib said...

Many students nowadays need assistance during their educational process. After all, they have so many different assignments that students don't have time to complete all of them. Thankfully, there are professional academic writing services uk which can help those students who need this assistance. And it's affordable.

Gerrison said...

Hmm, very doubtful. I don't think robots can do any better than humans. For example, I tried online robots for writing essays and got a text full of nonsense. Therefore, to solve such issues, it is better to contact professional writers of affordable essay writing service. People in any case, do all to the soul.

Maria Lena said...

The entirety of this recommends our educational systems should focus not just on how people cooperate with nursing essay writing service UK technology (e.g., by teaching students to code), but in addition how they can do the things that technology won't do soon.

Coffee beans supplier in Dubai said...

Emirati coffee is a big coffee wholesaler and supplier in UAE provide highest quality speciality coffee beans through direct trade with over 82 coffee producing countries.
coffee beans supplier in dubai

sex honey uae said...

Mr. Tony, the founder of Monster Rabbit, been in the Epimedium business for a long time. He knows what works and what doesn’t, and he knows people’s needs.
epimedium Turkey honey in uae

Unknown said...

Writing research papers and essays takes a number of time and power to do right. To a little amount down an excellent essay, you have to plot at least each week or two in advance, what you need to write down around and the resources you are going to use. Then you need to without a doubt write, edit, and turn it in by the deadline. However, this can be very hard to do when you have to turn in numerous essays at one time as maximum college students do around midterms or finals. With lot paintings to do, it could be nearly not possible to turn in as desirable of an essay as you would love.
help with assignment

Unknown said...

People who lack education have trouble getting ahead in life, have worse health and are poorer than the well-educated. Major effects of lack of education include: poor health, lack of a voice, shorter lifespan, unemployment, exploitation and gender inequality.
Yellowstone Attire Jackets

Ikea kitchen Builder said...

Bridge City is a Reputable Cabinetry & Renovations Contractor. We Provide Services in IKEA Kitchen Design and Construction. We are a Quality Renovation Contractor that Renews and Brings Life back to Existing Properties no Matter what kind of Space you are Looking to Renovate: Bathrooms, Living Rooms, Kitchens, or Other Living Spaces.

foundation repair Edmonton said...

Ramma foundation is a company and a foundation that provide crack repair snow remove and gutter clean service. We are the crack repair foundation in Alberta Edmonton. We provide services like crack repair, gutter clean services, show removal, in short we are the foundation repair in Edmonton. If you are worried about the cracks on your home do not worry we are here to get it repair. If you are worried about snow on your roof, we can remove it. We are here to clean you gutter.

Unknown said...

Assignment Writing Service is offers the assignment service to the students. Further details visit our platform and get more details how we submit your task in how many days.
Assignment Writing

stephan braun said...

This is really good Education information platform blog i am also working for students assignment help at online cheap nursing essay writing services academic industry.

shrcapital said...

SHR Capital is Global We are proud to partner with leading banks and international payment processors, to further boost the liquidity levels in the market and- ultimately- allow investors to benefit from it.professional forex trading Abu Dhabi
As a well-established and licensed company, we help investors enter the market with a comprehensive guide that includes a personalized technical analysis and daily forex signals.
https://www.shr.ae/

Met Exteriors said...

Met Exteriors is always on the forefront of innovation. We love the challenge of creating new and exciting exteriors — both commercial and residential.Stucco edmonton When you’re looking for an unconventionally exceptional exterior, think Met Exteriors.
Natural stone edmonton

Unknown said...

Assignment Writing Service is offers the assignment service to the students. Further details visit our platform and get more details how we submit your task in how many days.
Best Nursing Essay Writers

Unknown said...

At InStyleJackets, we are glad to dispatch the most recent trends of leather blazers for our esteemed clients.
Men’s Elegant Deep Black Wool Trench Coat

Anonymous said...

All things considered, it is difficult to envision understudies’ lives without schoolwork. At the point when you need to score great imprints, you need to contribute your time on your Do My Statistics Homework For Me.
Do My Statistics Homework For Me

seekclip | animated Video Creator said...

Seekclip is a website that provide the best animated videos to all the small businesses. we have expert team to create your video. we are here to make a best video for you. hire us in order to get the best video.
Animation Videos For Business

Met Exteriors said...

Met Exteriors is always on the forefront of innovation.Artificial stone supplier Alberta We love the challenge of creating new and exciting exteriors — both commercial and residential. When you’re looking for an unconventionally exceptional exterior, think Met Exteriors.
Natural stone supplier edmonton

Mba Assignment Maker said...

The coolest information is that there are extremely good assignment writing services. We write not anything besides custom essays and papers regular which are tailored for our clients in keeping with their genuine commands.

Clothing women said...

Ideal Jacket also has a huge range of Blogs so that that includes Halloween Costumes and superhero costumes for cosplays. Also, don’t forget to visit our website regularly to get the latest discounts and to keeps an eye on our new arrivals. You can also order your favorite one in custom so that we will make your product as per your measurement and requirement.
Men'S Faux Leather Jackets

Unknown said...

Apart from this, the students across the UK and the US can also avail our exceptional accounting assignment writing services to excel in academics.Bookkeeping Assignment Help Our bookkeeping specialists cover all parts of the subject and convey the best assignments on accounting to the university/college students.

assignmentdoer said...

interesting , great job and much obliged for sharing such a decent blog.
Help With Assignment

dissertationhouse said...

Normally I never remark on sites however your article is persuading to the point that I never stop myself to say something regarding it. You're working admirably Man,Keep it up.
law dissertation help

wewriteessay said...

exceptionally decent… I truly like your blog…
British Assignment Help

Unknown said...

Writing an assignment has always been an exhausting work for students. They have to spend hours on something in which they are never sure to succeed! Still,Assignment Help they have to cross this hurdle to move forward in their academic career. Today, the same has become more difficult

compress2impress said...

The article has some good and serviceable information. It was very well authored and easy to understand.
online bls recertification aha approved

Assignment For Statistics said...

Enhancements in innovation throughout the most recent few decades, and I think this will presumably be valid later on too, have been more about discovering approaches to get things done instead of people as opposed to close by them.

Combined Pumps said...

Combined Pumps design engineer and manufacture all of their own pump systems on site at our Aberdeen facility.chemical injection pumps for well water Combined Pumps also holds ISO 9001 accreditation illustrating our commitment to quality and certification. In addition to manufacturing our own pump products we also have capacity for elastomer seal engineering and manufacturing.

Gregory J. Trujillo said...

As much as I would like to disagree, I can’t. Robots are better at doing what they do than humans, and this education system is not going to save us from being replaced by robots. However, there are certain areas where humans will continue to dominate – best copywriters, best seo writing service providers, and best salespersons will always be humans. Good news for people with creative abilities!

domyassignmentforme said...

exceptionally decent… I truly like your blog…
Do My Online Accounting Homework

Blogger said...

spell for love can help you to get your loved one back to your life. Let me tell you how my spells are the best quality out there. I create and perform customized spells

Blogger said...

While the process of designing a room is undoubtedly interesting and fun, it can start to feel a little overwhelming if you dive into it all by luxury interior designer

Blogger said...

garage door repair Upper Marlboro MD required to be maintained at least once a year and of course to need to get a safety check to make sure everything moves and operated properly without any risk.

skin script products said...

Taking care of your skin is your number one priority and what matters the most is what products you use. Understanding which products you use and what kind of product targets your specific needs and works wonders for you is the key priority and that is how you will be able to make the most out of your products.

do my homework cheap said...

If you need to pay someone to do your homework then we are here to provide you the best and professional homework service at affordable and cheap prices.

Malena Morgan said...

Rosamund Pike I Care a Lot Coat This is Very nice and wonderful and nice blog i like it so much i never read that before

Write My Essay Online said...

Your hassles will continue to be hassles until you are determined to solve them. Take a step towards change we are here to guide you assist you on each and every stage. Good luck.

jhonny said...

Thanks for sharing this nice blog. I have read the full blog and it’s really helpful for us. The Queen’s Gambit Jackets

jhonny said...

Thank you for all of your effort on this website.Excellent blog.Thank you for posting! Crocodile Dundee Leather Jacket

Jasonalbert said...

Thank you for sharing excellent information. Your web-site is so cool. I am impressed by the details that you've on this website. It reveals how nicely you perceive this subject. Bookmarked this web page, will come back for more articles.The Gentlemen Tracksuit

ArloJasper said...

wow this is one of the best blog that I have ever seen so far Assignment Writing Services go here for details.

SEO company in Pune said...

These are actually great ideas in about blogging.
You have touched some fastidious factors here.
Any way keep up wrinting.

Ashley David said...

Very informative blog and hope to see new blogs on same topic
Relaxes your muscles and joints

riya said...

Thanks for sharing this post. I am looking for a post and content like this. I have read This and got good info for me. I hope you will share some Good content like this next time.
RB homoeoshop
RINSONS HEALTHCARE

riya said...

Silverbell is a 3D Architectural Visualization and Rendering Company in Delhi, India specializing in creating high quality 3D architectural visualization, Product Visualization, 3d Interior Designer Rendering visualizations for Architects, interior designers,3D Interior Designer ,corporate sector and the Real estate industry and more.
www.silverbell.co/services
3D Architectural Rendering
3D Architectural Visualization
Product Visualization

Rubina Sudais said...

We understand the demands of the industry. That’s why we work tirelessly to ensure you have an efficient and smooth Stone Supplier canada
Stone Supplier canada

Rubina Sudais said...

Tile renovation is no small undertaking. Tile renovation services in Edmonton or anywhere is a makeover we are skilled at doing. We have seen it all and done it all. For an easy-care tile floor, go for porcelain or glazed tiles, and avoid porous tiles such as limestone on floors
Wall Tiling Installation Edmonton

slim said...

The development of technologies gives us more and more opportunities to simplify our lives and also gives more free time. Linkedin profile on CVuniverse is a good way not to waste time on searching job. I wish you to be employed as soon as possible.

Unknown said...

We want to make strong relation with our customers and that’s why we always try to provide better assistance and guidance.cheap custom essays Our prices are not as high as our target customer is students and we know better the financial condition of a student.

Residential vinyl fencing Edmonton alberta said...

Elite Fencing Systems Ltd offers quality fencing services and products, especially commercial fencing. Our accommodating and skilled staff can help you with all aspects of a fence or gate project,residential fencing Edmonton regardless of size and difficulty. Our small business has been serving the making us the most reliable fencing company in all of Edmonton.

dry bulk transportation services Houston said...

When it comes to bulk transportation, Hasten Contracting is the industry leader with a reputation for safe and on-time delivery that exceeds customers’ expectations.

edmonton eye doctor said...

At Envision Eye Care, we strive to provide comprehensive eye care for the whole family. From pediatric eye care to screening for various eye diseases to specialty contact lens fittings, we are equipped with the latest equipment for your eye care needs.

Pizza Ovens Edmonton said...

We highly recommend our client to custom design pizza oven installed in the residential back yard kitchen. Why custom? The answer is simple. A custom pizza oven is constructed with taking all the physical and environmental measurement in the consideration. That is resulting and a professional installed custom rustic pizza oven. These outdoor brick ovens are 100% handmade and hold the original patent for their dome-shape. This adds a natural look to your back yard and improves its scenery. For many years, we are providing residential custom rustic pizza oven construction in Edmonton Alberta. You cannot only bake pizza in this oven, you can also enjoy fresh and juicy BBQ in this type of oven too.

soil stabilization texas said...

Hasten Chemical is a team of professionals who work to maximize the bottom line results of its clients. As a wholesaler of chemical products, Hasten provides unconditional commitment to excellence in quality, that will provide consistent results, and make us the partner of choice to help produce and maintain growth of Products and Service Companies.

Backsplash Contractor Edmonton said...

Being the best backsplash contractor Edmonton, we are passionate about backsplashes for kitchens or baths for homes and commercial projects. Our creative staff will help you choose the best tile pairing for your new project or renovation task. Our wall tiles installation Edmonton is flawless, and we perform ceiling ceramic tile installation as well. We are unmatched in service, selection, and styles as backsplash installers Edmonton. Whether your design idea is contemporary, formal, farmhouse, or even eclectic, we can install it to fit your budgeted plans for your backsplash Edmonton. Our goal at wall tiles contractor Edmonton is to deliver you endless inspiration for your project and and we will exceed your expectations. Select from a wide selection of wall covering tiles for your backsplash installation Edmonton or ceiling tile installation.

jms said...

shearling bomber jacket
instyle jackets is one of the best leather jacket quality provider in all over the USA. We ship the leather jacket according to the requirements of the client and make it for as much fit for the customer as it is required. visit to our website to get the best services.

Unknown said...

Strategic planning helps you define your future and achieve your goal. As a guide to decision making,operational planning Edmonton strategic planning will help you determine if you have the right resources in place to achieve your goals and ensure your team are all working with the same vision.

Adult Luxury Montego Bay Resort said...

it is An Amazing PLACE RIU PALACE MONTEGO BAY is an amazing place the service the food the entertainment all great for all ages

custom beds said...

Shop reclaimed wood headboards, modern platform beds and much more. ... Custom Designed Walnut And Curly Maple Bed by Aaron Maes

musk al mahal said...

Cosmetics produces an exclusive range of high quality Real Attars, Arabian & Western Fragrances. By the Grace of Allah we are doing creative work and developing new brands every day, under the very competent team of designers, perfumers & chemists, who are empowered with dedication and commitment.

samsung promo code said...

What can I do if I use my Samsung coupon online? First, you log in allcoupons.pk to find Samsung . Second, you click the Samsung's goods.

photo editing said...

Photo editing is the art of enhancing an image to make it look more like what you saw with your eyes

delicious burgers said...

Thrillist Explorers · Duke's Grocery. Washington, DC This East London-style pub is known for its sandwiches, or sarnies, b

organic towels said...

Bathrooms become spa retreats with the right combination of organic cotton towels, bath rugs, shower curtains, and natural skincare

jms said...

Bomber Jackets for Women
instylejackets is one of the famous leather jacket website where we make best leather jackets. we make leather jackets which are of high quality,

Emma Jason said...

Thanks for sharing this piece of information. I really enjoyed it. keep up the good work and all the very best of luck! Men Leather Jacket Sale

Residential vinyl fencing Edmonton alberta said...

Elite Fencing Systems Ltd offers quality fencing services and products, especially commercial fencing.Commercial Fencing Edmonton Our accommodating and skilled staff can help you with all aspects of a fence or gate project, regardless of size and difficulty. Our small business has been serving the making us the most reliable fencing company in all of Edmonton.

Unknown said...

Join The Wine Snob Shirt Club, and each month you will receive a high-quality T-shirt and special offers from some of the most unique wineries and vineyards around the world! The Wine Snob Shirt Club features one shirt design per month, and once that month reaches its dregs, that wine design is tucked away in our Shirt Cellar forever. Each T-shirt is a true, high-quality wine shirt clubone-of-a-kind vintage!

Amin Akhtar said...

Exploring the natural beauty with Village Organics Pakistan , talent and pure organic products of Gilgit Baltistan.complete information about, apricot, apricot oil, seabuckthorn, salajeet,herbs and providing online organic store for all above village products.

Clothing women said...

Get Our Famous Hollywood Movies Leather outfits available at our Online Store Instyle.com, We offer free shipping.
Women's Real Leather Bomber Jacket

Anonymous said...

Thanks for sharing this articles this is really helpful for me. Here is discounted coupon education you can avail it from here Lsac services coupon code

Unknown said...

Join The Wine Snob Shirt Club, and each month you will receive a high-quality T-shirt and special offers from some of the most unique wineries and vineyards around the world! The Wine Snob Shirt Club features one shirt design per month, and once that month reaches its dregs, that wine design is tucked away in our Shirt Cellar forever. Each T-shirt is a true, one-of-a-kind vintage!Busneiss gift ideas

Best Services said...

Thanks for sharing this articles this is really helpful for me. strategy execution

Diagnosis of electrical systems abu dhabi said...

Nobody wants to start the day discovering that their car’s air conditioning is not working, the bad air-conditioning not only effect your driving comfort it also affect your car performance as well? Depending on the make and model of your car, a broken belt in the air conditioner can cause more problems for your vehicle. Do not wait until it’s too late! If it’s as simple as recharging the refrigerant or installing a new compressor, then ALSA Automotive Repair will help keep you cool and your care cool. Signs that your vehicle may have a malfunctioning air conditioning system include the following:Diagnosis of electrical systems abu dhabi

Alex Hale said...

I am glad that I am using this site. This is very helpful site. If you want to save your money then visit here. For further details click the link.
fort troff code

law assignment help uk said...

Teachers will not be replaced by robots because they lack the ability to inspire us.

Jasonalbert said...

This is a wonderful article, Given so much info in it, These type of articles keeps the users interest in the website, and keep on sharing more ... good luck.LOCKE & KEY S02 EDEN HAWKINS WHITE JACKET

visa required for Turkey said...

Woh I enjoy your content, saved to bookmarks!!! visa required for Turkey... Ordinary passport holders are required to have a visa to enter Turkey. When your application form is complete, the system will allow you a date and time for the interview in which you will have to appear.

bomber style said...

Thankfully, we’re here to help make sure your jacket/coat is on point every time you walk out the door. Here are the best of our ladies black leather biker jacket with different colors, available at boneshia.com.

Alexander Debrah said...

For any influential executive today, security is one of the most important topics. Today, executive child abduction prevention in London
protection is one of the most profitable services offered with so much fear globally. Every citizen in the world is now examining Executive Security to do their ordinary jobs without disrupting anybody waiting for any harm.

먹튀검증업체 said...

Recently, I have started to read a lot of unique articles on different sites, and I am enjoying that a lot. Although, I must tell you that I still like the articles here a lot. They are also unique in their own way. 먹튀검증업체


Merry Smith said...

Thanks for sharing this amazing blog with some unique information keep it up. gosphero discount code

123bet said...

Thanks for the post, I'm very impressed. Keep sharing like this. เกมสล็อต

Merry Smith said...

Thanks for sharing this amazing blog with some unique information keep it up. Here i found new discouned coupon avail it now discount gosphero coupon

James Herry said...

These articles are helpful for the students,who are searching for the education and technology articles.Please visit our articles oregonstate.edu
upf.edu
.usc.edu

David Millar said...

I have read your excellent post. This is a great job. I have enjoyed reading your post first time. I want to say thanks for this post. Thank you...
Yellowstone Season 4 Mo Brings Plenty Jacket

Merry Smith said...

Wow such an amazing content i never read this before keep it up and keep sharing with us more useful information. Check this gymshark student discount now and avail it.

789first said...

You wrote it very well. I'm blown away by your thoughts. how do you do. pragmatic play casino

wm-casino789 said...

Sometimes I'm really obsessed with your articles. พีจีสล็อต

elvina roy said...

Sometimes I'm really obsessed with your articles. this was very help full for me visit Saving Cents Together

elvina roy said...

Wow such an amazing content i never read this before keep it up and keep sharing with us more useful information. this was very amazing discount code and delivery much better experience visit at the blackout bingo promo code

virx nasal spray said...

Great post. I was checking constantly this blog and I'm impresse thank you for sharing with me. virx

Merry Smith said...

Wow such an amazing content i never read this before keep it up and keep sharing with us more useful information. Check this lsac services coupon code now and avail it.

Real Jackets said...

I had the decision to think an astounding system while seeing this post. I will pass this blog to various individuals. Totally a reasonable blog is phenomenal. Much appreciation to you for sharing. Go ahead and visit my site; cruella dalmatian coat

Alexandra alegria said...

Make an iconic appearance and get ready to steal the limelight gracefully wearing Mimi Colby Yellowstone Cotton Jacket at fair price from www.blackfurcoat.com

Urdu Poetry Site said...

Education is an essential element in the success of a nation. Thanks for Sharing with us. Click and Read Bewafa Sad Poetry 2 lines makes sure to visit Urdu Poetry Worldz

Jimm said...

H2Ocean Sea Salt Body Piercing Spray helps to cleanse all your piercings and body modifications. H2ocean Cleaning And Healing Solution, 4 Fl Oz helps to safely remove dried discharge and lymph secretions when used every 3-4 hours on your piercings and body modifications.

kathymccaan said...

Shop this best quality https://blackfurcoat.com/product/cole-hauser-yellowstone-black-vest/ Cole Hauser Yellowstone Black Vest For men SHOP NOW....

wine snob shirt club said...

If you love wine and T-shirts, then join the Wine Snob Shirt Club! Each month, you will receive a special T-shirt from a unique winery, along with club pricing on wine & other products. All this for just $29 wine shirt club

deanffranklin@gmail.com said...

All around incredibly strong article, Learnt a stunning game-plan about style pictures , Thanks for sharing this article purple leather jacket

igoal88 said...

This is an amazing Blog and very informative and useful Thanks.
สมัครสมาชิก igoal

Yellowstone Michaela Conlin Grey Quilted Jacket said...

Shop this best Yellowstone Michaela Conlin Grey Quilted Jacket quality For men SHOP NOW...

Sarah Josave said...

Your article was a delight to peruse. Much thanks. We like your edifying articles.tamia cooper

Mission Impossible 7 Ethan Hunt Jacket said...

Shop this best Mission Impossible 7 Ethan Hunt Jacket quality For men SHOP NOW...

Real Jackets said...

Im really impressed by your site.
Hello there, You have done an excellent job. I will definitely digg it and personally recommend
to my friends. I’m confident they will be benefited from this site.
pelle pelle red jacket

Article said...

Your website has left a lasting impression on me.
Hello there, I think you did a fantastic job. I'm going to bookmark it and promote it to my friends. This site, I am convinced, will be beneficial to them.
Best Desert Safari Dubai

The Genuine Leather said...

Your post was amazing. I love it to recommend Leather Store to the users. Where they can crawl Exciting Products Super Star Jackets Platform is providing 100% Geniune Leather Products All products are available in Feasible Prices The best seller Leather Jackets Direct is offering amazing Leather Jackets to its customers. You can Click Here to get exciting Leather Products Offers.Flight Jacket

123bet said...

This piece of writing is really a nice one it helps new web users, who are wishing for blogging.
สมัครสมาชิก 123bet

Ecommerce Website Development in Pakistan said...

We are the top Digital Marketing Agency Pakistan. Have a highly empirical and trained professional team that main motive is to provide full-fledged satisfaction.

Kenya visa on arrival said...

Superb information article. Thank you . The travelers need to fill up the Kenya visa on arrival application form to get the Kenya visa. Therefor, if the apply online, will get the fastest visa services with 24 hours customer support.

123bet said...

Thank you so much for writing such an excellent article, very happy, I love this article.
ร้านติดฟิล์มรถยนต์

Pakistan visa said...

Wow.. Very informative article thanks for sharing please keep it up.. Pakistan business visa, you can easily apply for a Pakistan visa via Pakistan e visa website.

123bet said...

Thank you for sharing such creative post, its very informative and valuable to me. ลิงค์รับทรัพย์ 123bet

Jackson said...

WATCH THE VIDEO OF HOW DEFENSE PENDANTS PROTECT YOU AGAINST THESE DANGEROUS EMFs
We were able to save a BIG DISCOUNT for you (50% off plus free worldwide shipping!) but I’d hurry and get yours soon…

Albert Smith said...

Thanks for discuss topic of education. A very good and informative article indeed . It helps me a lot to enhance my knowledge. I really like the way the writer presented his views. I hope to see more informative and useful articles in future. Get best Dubai App Development service you visit here site for more info.

Digital Marketing Agency Pakistan said...

Really nice and interesting post. Thanks for sharing with us. Get help with Ecommerce website development in Pakistan to create one for your business.

Online Classes Hub said...

Searching for Pay Someone To Do My Online Class or do my online class? Get the best online class help from Online Classes Hub. We take your classes and courses.

3drenderingindia said...

Very interesting to read this article. I would like to thank you for the efforts you had made for writing this awesome article. 3D floor design plans

munroe island said...

Really well a written article! Loved it. Congratulations on sharing so much useful information.
best island resorts in kerala

Anonymous said...

https://hrustalev.com битрикс сайт купить

puja88 said...

for the future, we are human working change by robots already, and how about the humanity??
for the news now is robots technology, hm i think i must work hard again too change the mine, cause robots can not thinking and no brain

Slot Gacor

Mobile Car Wash Ottawa said...

Integral Wash is a complete cleaning service for the interior and exterior of the RV that includes.The Complete CleaningMobile Car Wash Ottawa service, the Wheel Polishing service, the Upholstery Cleaning service and the Engine Cleaning service.

nick john said...

Are you willing to earn high grades in your online classes? Hire our Do My Class - Do My Classes Now services and get professional assistance with promising results. Our academic experts guarantee that they will get you top-notch grades.

The Reel N Realtor said...

Are you looking for best property consultant in south Florida? We have best property consultants who give you valuable advice and help you to find your home on best location. Commercial Real Estate

OliyanaBeth said...

The education is tool that need to be productive , otherthan many students Buy Accounting Essay to focus on real practical learning

Roman Davis said...

Modern technology is making progress day by day. That is why all the work is being done on robots or electronic machines, but the education system is quite different from them. We have to arrange expert teachers for teaching the students so that we can produce a qualified youth generation. dissertation writing service

Allen smith said...


The content you shared with us is great. Thanks for sharing it. You can apply for an e tourist visa India by clicking the link we just provided. Thanks for adding value to the post.

eymenoyunda said...

"Lastik tamircisi":http://efsaneotolastik.com herkesi beklerim

sportstoto365 said...

This is really very nice post you shared, I always prefer to read the quality and glad I found this thing in your post. Thank you for posting such a great article. 스포츠토토

bacarasite said...

Nice blog and unquestionably outstanding. You have a real ability for writing unique content. It was really good to work. I really like your thoughts. Thanks for the great info for the idea. 바카라사이트

powerballsite said...

You have given great information. I couldn't imagine anything better than to peruse more on such themes. Thank you especially for it and carry on it. 파워볼게임

wm-casino789 said...

I will always enter your blog first. to receive new news and you never let me down. pretty Gaming ติดต่อเรา

kathymccaan said...

Shop this best Super quality WWE Alex Riley Vest For Men SHOP NOW

3D Product Visualization said...

Wonderful collection of commenting sites. I really like it. It will be very helpful for me.
Thanks for sharing, keep up the good work.
3D Product Visualization

lussi mia said...

Our exclusive discounts make it easy to save money on your purchase. So what are you waiting for? Shop today at Mauvetree !

Anonymous said...

https://bonsay.ru купить японский бонсай

wm-casino789 said...

Very interesting information, thank you very much. ติดต่อ all bet casino

Dark Knight Rises Coat said...

Yes i am totally agreed with this article and i just want to say that this article is a very nice and very informative article. I will make sure to be reading your blog more. Thank you.

Famous Movie Jackets said...

Nice blog and absolutely outstanding. You can do something much better but i still say this perfect. Keep trying for the best. Celebrity Movie Jacket

Jackson said...

I feel very grateful that I read this. It is very helpful and very informative and I really learned a lot from it. 5 DISHWASHER BRANDS TO AVOID

Famous Movie Jackets said...

The need to look for garments and envision wearing them and getting praises from ladies when I wear them has taken to a lesser extent a hang on me. However, sometime in the past looking for garments was a fundamental piece of my day by day everyday routine since I experienced for the consideration and applause those new outfits gave me. Sons Of Anarchy Vest

allbet-789 said...

i like your article I look forward to receiving new news from you every day. สมัคร bg gaming

Wooten Huber said...

Hi all. We are providing Professional Content Writing Services. Most students are worried about their assignments, and they want to accomplish their work in a smart way at a very low price. We have both solutions for their incomplete assignments. We have highly qualified professional writer editors and researchers. Not only complete the student assignment but also help with their future tasks. Feel free to contact us. We have many platforms to communicate with our beloved customers.

elizahdixson said...

google chromecast setup
We provide general and technical assistance with media streaming devices, google chromecast setup. So, to learn about the Chromecast installation, its installation process on a device, its troubleshooting, its settings, how it works, what it is supposed to do, then please visit our website. We can assure you that you won't be disappointed because we believe in the precise information.

Jackson said...

Finding yesstyle coupon code? A wonderful collection of Asian fashion from various countries like China, Hong Kong, Korea, Japan and Taiwan, Yesstyle is a full flash online store that deals in variety of items.

Karachi Movers said...

Nice Information Keep it Up! We are provide the best House Shifting Services in Karachi https://karachimovers.com/

Neemopani said...

Best And informative Content .Thanks For Sharing this type of content
Pakistani Movies

Jackson said...

If you are looking to travel you must booked cheap flights from uk to Lahore

mik said...

Hello, this weekend is good for me, since this time i am reading this enormous informative article here at my home. buy oxycontin 10mg online without prescription

3d Rendering China said...

I like very much your way of presentation Some great information to be absorbed in this post.Thanks a lot for sharing.
https://www.3drenderingchina.net/

igoal88 said...

Thank you for the good information you share with us. This is very good and useful information.
เว็บ igoal

Blaine said...

I read this blog and I genuinely imagine that it is stimulating. Thanks for offering such post to us! Well known article. Sociology is one of the main course which every student has to study in academic life. If you are facing problem in studying your sociology course then we recommend you to come to us and we will take your course on your behalf. Hire Someone To Take My Sociology Teas Exam

Unknown said...

Excellent post. Keep posting such kind of information on your blog. Premium Desert Safari VIP Camp

jeeniehogwartz said...

Welcome to the official website of trufflers, the best chocolates in the region. Our chocolates are made with love andBuy chocolate truffles Jeddah care, and we hope you enjoy them as much as we do!

sunnyadi said...

Excellent post. Keep posting such kind of information on your blog. battery pro

Unknown said...

Very Good idea and i'm very interested thank you Desert Safari Dubai

Maria Baby Thomas said...

I think this is an informative post and it is very useful and informative. So, I would like to thank you for the effort you put into writing this article. The Indian e visa or Electronic Visa (eTV) is an online travel authorization. You can fill your e business visa India application form online via the India e visa website. You can easily get a business e visa India online.

Top Computer Coaching said...

BIIT is one of the Best computer course in east delhi. It provides notes to each students for each course. This computer institute in a certified and provides a valid certificate after completion of each course. You can contact us with the given phone number 9311441524 or can directly visit to our coaching whose address is given below A-115 , First Floor , Near Panna Sweet, Shakarpur, Vikas Marg, Laxmi Nagar, Computer Institute, Opposite Metro Piller No. 33, Delhi, 110092.

Anonymous said...

btc exchange BNB exchange btc com

Anonymous said...

cryptocurrency exchange btc exchange LTC

Anonymous said...

La Nataly.com sfaturi utile de la specialisti pentru o sanatate de fier

Anonymous said...

рейтинг хостингов рейтинг хостингов

Real Jackets said...

Thank you for sharing this information with us.it is very helpful content. I really appreciate your hard work in writing this post.

distributor boiler said...

I know your expertise on this. I must say we should have an online discussion on this. Jual Oil Burner Olympia Writing only comments will close the discussion straight away! And will restrict the benefits from this information.
Jual Gas Burner FBR
Jual Riello press 4G
Jual Boiler gas 500 kg
Jual boiler horizontal

cynthiaamy said...

We discovered that genuine leather jackets are more trendy and exquisite than imitation leather jackets.
online mens biker leather jackets

cynthiaamy said...

We discovered that genuine leather jackets are more trendy and exquisite than imitation leather jackets.

top men biker leather jackets

Anonymous said...

Please post useful information often. We will continue to visit in the future. Have a good day. 토토먹튀사이트

Anonymous said...

Its a great pleasure reading your post.Its full of information I am looking for and I love to post a comment that 먹튀폴리스

ideasontrend said...



Very informative post I really like it. Happy to hear about it more. ShopCelebsWear

sexybaccarat-789 said...

I agree with your article. And I want to know you more. โปรโมทชั่น pragmatic play

Ashok said...

How many spammers in this world 😂

Bralin Allison said...

Thanks for taking the time to write about this topic, about it; This is something about which I am very passionate. Travelers who want to travel to Turkey. They need a Turkey evisa which is designed for tourism purposes.

heisen said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
Anonymous said...

I'm reading your page for the first time, and I'm pleased to inform that your content is excellent and easy to understand. denis leary jacket I've spent much time on this website and would like to return. Best wishes for the future.

rodrick123 said...

Assignment desk provide the best Do my assignment for me as it is the worst nightmare for the students, especially the ones having the ‘average’ prefix attached before their writing, researching, editing, and proofreading skills.

Albert Smith said...

I like the gainful knowledge you give in your articles. I'll bookmark your site and check again here habitually. You did a great job and i am very happy to see this because it is very useful for me. Thanks for sharing. Get best SEO Company Dubai service of marketing you visit here site for more info.

Alex said...

Found your post interesting to read. I cant wait to see your post soon. Good Luck for the upcoming update. This article is really very interesting and effective. Kevin Costner Yellowstone Vest

Igoal said...

This is very helpful. thankyou for sharing with us.
sexy gaming สมัคร

SEO CANADA said...

Professional gutter cleaning company in London with over 10 years experience. We provide residential and commercial gutter cleaning, unblocking downpipes, gutter repair and soffit and fascia cleaning throughout Greater London canaan avalon 1246

dry bulk transportation services houston said...

Haste contracting is a leading provider of dry bulk trucking services in Houston, Texas. Our fleet of trucks is equipped with the latest technology and features the latest safety and security features to dry bulk transportation services houstonensure your cargo arrives at its destination safe and sound. We offer a wide range of transportation options to meet your needs, including local, long-distance, and regional shipping. Contact us today to learn more about our dry bulk trucking services in Houston, Texas.

Anonymous said...

What i do not understood is in reality how sharing these kinds of know-how, therefore it’s pleasant to read this web site, and I 먹튀폴리스

Anonymous said...

When you are ready doing everything we have talked about in the previous paragraphs, which is considering your shopping list with careful planning accuracy, finding the drugs you require remember that we have a great number of sildenafil pills, which are generic Viagra tablets in their different editions, forms and dosages and sending them to the shopping cart, you will be redirected to the page with your personal details. Where else may just anybody get that type of info in such an ideal manner of. while I am also keen of getting experience. 먹튀검증사이트

Anonymous said...

Your article got me thinking about something. Who do we contact if we want anesthesia quickly? I have heard there are some mobile services online, and now I know which of these services is best at their job. I am glad my friends told me about them. 안전놀이터

Anonymous said...

I’m amazed, I have to admit. Rarely do I encounter a blog that’s both educative and amusing, and let me tell you, you’ve hit the n fact amazing for people . Whats up are using WordPress for your site platform? 토토사이트

Anonymous said...

When you are ready doing everyth ve time I will be back to read a lot more, Please do keep up the When I look at your blog in Chrome, it looks fine but when opening. 온라인카지노

«Oldest ‹Older   1 – 200 of 345   Newer› Newest»

Post a Comment