It's Not Just Retail Changing: Human Behavior Is Changing, Too

Technology is changing the way people consume: incomes are lower so many people can afford to buy less and have less space in which to store it. Technology is addressing that need by providing opportunities to rent, lease or buy - on demand - without having to own or store whatever is purchased.

People have less time because they are always plugged in - and because increasing urbanism has made getting stuff done physically on one's own more time consuming. Again, technology-driven services have provided answers.

And, as the population ages, people feel less need for stuff and more desire for experiences. In short, it's not just retail. Tech has changed our expectations and demands. JL

Barry Ritholtz comments in Digital Tonto:

We are undergoing a fundamental change in how society consumes products. Many factors are creating an enormous economic shift that we cannot see because we are right in the middle of it. Flat incomes have made the average shopper a much savvier consumer. We are never unplugged from work. Any time saving service has enormous impact. The old economic rules of thumb are no longer as useful as they once were.
Despite record highs in the markets, bad news about consumers has been relentless: malls are closing; consumers have accumulated too much debt; incomes are stagnant. None of this bodes well for future consumer spending and economic growth.
This is the established narrative -- fairly straightforward, based on well-understood data.
I suspect it is also wrong.
What if something else entirely is occurring? What if many factors are creating an enormous economic shift that we cannot see because we are right in the middle of it? Consider the following: We have been slow to adapt to an ever-increasing set of economic, cultural and technological changes; excepting the young, most of us are not very good at the required adjustments. We increasingly resemble the slowly boiled frog.
The word “revolution” is tossed about too easily, but it is appropriate for the pace and scale of changes we see. We can hardly fathom the long-term ramifications of enormous sociological progressions that have been taking place before our eyes.
Retailers have been having difficulty understanding these changes, much less responding to them. Perhaps the old economic rules of thumb are no longer as useful as they once were. Consider the following five elements as prime drivers of the new "retail misery index":

• Income: For most of the country, incomes have been flat for the past few decades. The top 10 percent has seen gains, as have the 1 percent – but the biggest gains have come in the top .1 percent. This is reflected in markets like art, mansions and estates, and collectible automobiles. The top .1 percent are not big on malls.
  
  Flat incomes have made the average shopper a much savvier consumer. They are price sensitive, understand how to find bargains, know how to play the stores' sale game. Even during the usual reckless Christmas shopping season, the American consumer can longer be counted on to blindly buy regardless of price.

• Inflation, Deflation, New Categories: Price changes are a mixed bag. On the one hand, we have seen relentless inflation in housing, education and medical costs -- each driven by different factors. The flip side is the ongoing price decreases in so many consumer products, from clothes to electronics, and most especially technology. 
  
  New costs and flat income put household budgets under significant pressure. 

• Time: It is easy to underestimate the amount of time pressure people face today. It comes from email, instant messages, Slack, etc. -- all of which follow us everywhere via our mobile phones. We are never unplugged from work. Any sort of time saving service has a potentially enormous impact. Be it Peapod for food deliveries or Amazon Prime for just about everything else, time-constrained households are finding alternatives to circling the mall parking lot looking for a spot.
  
• Psychology: While the financial crisis certainly left consumers with post-traumatic spending disorder, I want to focus on something else: stuff. We Americans used to love stuff of all sorts, but today, we seem to have moved past it. We still love too-big homes and too-fast cars, but no longer feel as compelled to fill them with the sorts of junk we used to. Perhaps it's part of the shift to digital; we no longer seem to need physical libraries of books or shelves filled with CDs and albums when a single Kindle or digital music subscription can replace an entire room of stuff.
  
  But it's more than that: People are trying to move away from materialism and toward “experiencism.” Vacations, family gatherings and experiential outings are the new tchotchkes.

• Technology: It's too easy to blame Amazon for all of retail’s problems. But there can be no doubt that technology has made the retailers’ job much harder. Consumers today are better informed about prices via price comparison engines than ever before. Show rooming is rampant -- in which shoppers visit a physical store to browse, but then buy online. Woe to the mainstream retailer without competitive pricing.
  
  
• Even planned obsolescence has become obsolete. Modern manufacturing makes better products that last longer and are more trouble free than ever before. And they do this at prices that seem to fall each year.

These factors all contribute to a downsizing of retail America. But the transformation is much more than total square footage and dollar sale volumes. We are undergoing a fundamental change in how society consumes products. It is happening both too slowly for us to fully grok, and yet too fast for retailers to adapt.