IBM Introduces First Quantum Computer Cloud Service: Why That Matters

Most consumers - and even business leaders - could probably care less about the difference between a digital and quantum computer. Suffice it to say, as the following article explains, that the quantum can perform certain crucial tasks more efficiently and productively.

What may be most interesting about this announcement is that it confirms IBM's continued lead in large computerized applications, building on its earlier triumph with the Watson machine and going back to the glory days of mainframe 'Big Iron.' Whether the company can convert its more recent successes into a sustainable long term strategy could be its primary challenge - and opportunity. JL

Julie Bort reports in Business Insider:

A digital computer thinks in two states: zero and one. A quantum computer uses "combinations of zeroes and ones" to creates multiple states. Because quantum computers think differently, they can quickly solve tasks that regular computers can't do, such as working with billions of variables at the same time, like the interaction between molecules in chemistry. They are great for machine-learning tasks.
IBM scientists will make a quantum computer available to the public as a cloud service for the first time.
Though the cloud service is geared mostly toward scientists and students, anyone interested in this strange new computer will be able to give it a try, Jerry Chow, one of the scientists leading the project, tells Business Insider.

A different kind of computer

A quantum computer is different from today's digital computer.
A digital computer thinks in two states: zero and one (or off and on). A quantum computer uses "combinations of zeroes and ones" to creates multiple states. It can be a zero, a one, both at the same time, something in between them, or it can be a mysterious zero/one state that you can't really determine, Chow says.
These messy states are called "entanglement," and there are some well-known algorithms, or mathematical formulas, that use them, Chow tells us.Because quantum computers think differently, they can quickly solve tasks that regular computers can't do, such as working with billions of variables at the same time, like the interaction between molecules in chemistry.
They are also great for machine-learning tasks. These computers are expected to help find new drugs, new forms of computer security, and become smart computers that can think and reason.
Likewise, programming a quantum computer is different.
So the IBM team has created a tutorial to help people learn how to do it. You need high-school algebra skills and a background in programming. (It also helps to read a book on the subject before trying your first "Hello world" app, Chow advises.)

As cold as outer space

Quantum computers are also built differently. This one uses a silicon base, like regular computers, but relies on superconducting metals like niobium and aluminum that must be kept unbelievably cold. The low temperature brings out their special quantum mechanical properties.
IBMThis is the microwave hardware that generates pulses sent to the quantum processor.
So it's kept in a special fridge that keeps the computer at ".015 above absolute zero, which is colder than absolute space," Chow says. (See picture, below.)
The computer behind this cloud service is a 5 quantum bits, or qubits, computer, which is powerful (other quantum computers have been 2 qubits) but not so much smarter than a regular supercomputer.
The industry, however, is working its way up to a 50 qubits computer, which would be vastly more powerful than any of today's supercomputers.
No one knows what kinds of problems a computer that fast and smart could solve.
But there's a race between IBM and Google to find out.

The race with Google is on

IBM's work is based on research done at Yale through professor Robert Schoelkopf (the IBM team is mostly his Ph.D. and post-grad students).
The other prominent US school working on this is the University of California at Santa Barbara under professor John Martinis in an effort that was backed and absorbed by Google in 2014.
"Google is working toward very similar goals," Chow says, describing the situation as a bit of a turf war.