Serena Ng and Laura Stevens report in the Wall Street Journal:
The underbelly of e-commerce is a booming business in which little-known companies collect, process and often resell piles of unwanted gifts. Total returns for 2015 are expected to be $260.5 billion, or around 8% of all retail sales, according to trade group National Retail Federation. Physical store return rates tend to be lower, at around 7%.
Christmas is over and peak selling season is just beginning for Michael Ringelsten.
Mr. Ringelsten runs a massive operation outside Chicago in which he buys truckloads of returned merchandise, sorts through the items and rapidly resells most of them over the Internet at bargain-bin prices.
“It is crazy how many returns come in during the two to three months after Christmas,” says the owner of Shorewood Liquidators Inc., a 91-person business that operates two large warehouses packed with returned merchandise from retailers including Amazon.com Inc., Groupon Inc. and Home Depot Inc. To handle the surge in postholiday returns, Mr. Ringelsten, 38 years old, said all of his workers work Saturdays and add an hour to their usual eight-hour daily shifts for two months.
The underbelly of e-commerce is a booming business in which little-known companies collect, process and often resell piles of unwanted gifts, flawed merchandise and other items that shoppers simply regretted buying. This holiday season, goods with an original retail value of $19.4 billion—nearly one-quarter of e-commerce sales—are expected to be returned, according to Shorr Packaging, a distributor of packaging to retailers and other businesses.
Return rates can vary widely, but generally between 10% and 15% of all online purchases are returned, though the rate can exceed 30% for certain categories such as apparel, estimates logistics-provider Optoro. A main reason is the increasing use of free-return offers by online retailers.
Total returns for 2015 are expected to be $260.5 billion, or around 8% of all retail sales, according to trade group National Retail Federation. Physical store return rates tend to be lower, at around 7%, according to Optoro.
Large volumes of returned goods don’t go back to the retailers that originally sold them, even if the items haven’t been opened or used. Instead, many are collected at centralized returns centers run by logistics companies and resold in bulk at deep discounts to liquidators and small businesses.
“We call that ‘re-commerce,’ where products get a second life,” said Ryan Kelly, a vice president of strategy at Genco, a FedEx Corp. business that handles returns for many U.S. retailers. He says there is strong demand for some categories, such as children’s toys, sporting goods, housewares and consumer electronics. Some businesses will buy entire truckloads of returned goods without first seeing the items, he adds.
Unprocessed returns from retailers are traditionally sold in truckloads, normally between 10 and 100 trucks at a time, fetching between about 10 cents and 20 cents on the dollar, according to Optoro CEO Tobin Moore. Most of those goods end up in pawnshops, dollar stores and flea markets.
But retailers have been trying different strategies to get more bang for their returned buck. Washington, D.C.-based Optoro helps companies resell returned items online and finds other ways to stem losses, which it says can help lift recovery rates to between 40 cents and 70 cents on the dollar.
B-Stock Solutions Inc., a returns-logistic provider, helps retailers including Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and Home Depot sell returns in smaller volumes, typically by the pallet-load. “We transform [them] into bite-size chunks that a much larger audience can digest and that drives the price higher,” says B-Stock Solutions CEO Howard Rosenberg. The pallets are auctioned off on the Internet, and buyers pick up the items directly from the retailers’ warehouses.
At Groupon Goods, the Internet retailing arm of the daily-deals website, many items that shoppers return are collected by Genco, which in effect purchases the returned merchandise and sells it to liquidators and other Genco customers.
When items are disposed of, Groupon recovers a small percentage of their retail value, typically around one-fifth of their original price, though the amount varies by product category. Andrew Bowerman, Groupon’s vice president of logistics, says the retailer’s return rates are broadly in line with the industry. The company has an extended holiday returns period that allows shoppers making purchases between Nov. 1 and Christmas to return items through Jan. 10, versus a usual two-week window for returns.
Mr. Ringelsten’s Shorewood Liquidators is a buyer of Groupon’s returns. Back in Shorewood Ill., Mr. Ringelsten’s employees sort through returned merchandise from multiple retailers, examining items as varied as ping-pong tables, jewelry, bicycles and vintage auto parts and listing many of them for sale in online auctions on eBay or the company’s own website. He also has people dedicated to packing and shipping out over a thousand packages daily. Some returns items that Shorewood buys are virtually brand new and can fetch close to half their original retail price. The company also refurbishes and repairs consumer electronics and other products to resell them. But up to 20% of the returns can’t be resold because items are badly damaged or are otherwise unfit for sale, according to Mr. Ringelsten.
“To make money in this business it is a volume game. If we can make 10% profit we are jumping up and down,” Mr. Ringelsten says. Last year, his company processed a few million returned items for a total retail value exceeding $100 million.
The takings can vary widely. In mid-December, Shorewood sold six pairs of Beats Studio headphones for prices ranging from $50 to $150. It also sold an Everlast exercise machine with “scuffs and scratches” for $17. A Radio Flyer tricycle sold for $40, more than half of its retail price.
Scott Brooks, a 49-year-old firefighter who lives near Shorewood’s warehouse, is a regular customer. His purchases have included: a returned living room sofa set for $300, versus its original $1,100 retail value, and a returned Citizen watch that retailed for over $600 that he paid around $150 for in an auction. “The product description said there was a speck or chip in the crystal,” Mr. Brooks said, “but I couldn’t see it even when I looked closely.”
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